Water is an essential part of our life. Every living organism needs water to survive and complete their lifespan. About human being there is need pure and wholesome water to survive for him. There is no benefit from contaminated or effluent water for human being. Besides contamination of water, there we can classify hard water to two types.
Temporary hard water
Permanent Hard Water
What is hard water?
Hardness of water is measured or calculated as per the reaction of water with soap. We all know that hardness of water can reduce by soap or using any detergents. As per WHO, harness of water is the capacity of water to react with soap. Hard water consists of many minerals and other salts from soil. It makes the water as hard.
Where did water get hardness?
Water is a natural gift and it originated from nature. Water deposit under soil and sedimentary rocks are often containing many minerals and get hard. Calcium (Cl), Sodium (Na) and other minerals are included in water. Sometimes, the presence of Magnesium (Mg) was found in water. Water in coastal areas is always hard and need to boil for consumption.
Temporary hard water
Temporary hard water is defined as the hardness of water due to the presence of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates. These bicarbonates are soluble in water and it is easy to remove by boiling.
Mg(HCO3)2 = Mg+2 +2HCO3-1
Ca(HCO3)2 = Ca+2 + 2HCO3-1
Permanent Hard Water
Permanent Hard Water is defined as the hardness due to the presence of chlorides or sulphates of calcium and magnesium. These types of hardness can also remove by methods described below.
CaCl2= Ca+2 + 2Cl-1
MgSO4=Mg+2 + SO4-2
How can remove Hardness of Water?
Hardness of can remove by following methods:
- ION-EXCHANGE METHOD
In this method, some amount of calcium hydroxide is added to the hard water, there should be a reaction take place and bicarbonates are obtained from water as insoluble. Water get rid from hardness easily and eligible for consumption after filtration.
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 = 2CaCO3 + 2H2O
Mg(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + MgCO3 + 2H2O
ION-EXCHANGE METHOD
In this method, some amount of sodium zeolite passed to hard water. And it acts as an ion- exchanger. After reaction, the by products calcium zeolite and magnesium zeolite is isolated from water. Water gets ready to consumption after filtration.
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